Critical Ideas
- semiotics, anthropology and Ideology
could come from reviews of sources - exhibitions, films, etc
- Three general theories include - Marxism, Feminism, Psychoanalysis
- critical ideas that step outside the 'self'
- Three different signs - Symbol, Icon and Index (used a lot in film theory)
- Daniel Chandler - beginners guide to semiotics - key words to analyse source, image, etc
- Denoted - what it shows
- Connotated - suggests what character, narrative, etc is
- what it implies about conventions, 'naturalised ideas'
Denotation and Connotation
- Roland Barth - connotation is conventional to how the natural theories work
- e.g. rose handed to boy or girl = connotes
- romance and should ideally be conducted - one of our societies dominant ideologies
- mysterious operation by which the message may infuse a secondary meaning
- changing style or tone may involve different connotations
- The Commutation Test - particular signifier is selected then different alternatives are considered - considered in how this affects the sense of the sign
- 'absenses' - why one paradigm than the other e.g. old instead of young
- also known as 'subsitution test'
- 'Dirt' is matter out of place
- Mary Douglas 'purity and danger'
- ambiguity - doubtfullness, uncertainty
- anolmaly - deviation from common rule, type, arrangement or form, old, perculiar - something that doesn't fit
How to deal with Anomolies
- assign into category
- destroy it
- rules of advoidance
- declare it as dangerious
Marxism
- Marxism - analyse of power relations
- transformation
- experience ourselves as possessing conciousness to freely form our own ideas
- but based on imagery and ideoligical once based on misrecognition
- identity formed ideologically - your hailed/ called
- interpellation - when best to not know what's going on
Hegemony
- different marxist's theory
- cultural domination happens by common sense
- subject has power to promote difference
- different to top down theories
- subculture can resist dominant ideologies
- intellectual and cultural production of counter hagemonic ideas
- minorities that decode dominate messages
- about creation of ideas through common sense
- ideology - opposition to mainstream
- hagemony = power that is taking away
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